Monday, May 27, 2013

ASTIGMATISM


Astigmatism is a vision condition that causes blurred vision due either to the irregular shape of the cornea, the clear front cover of the eye, or the curvature of the lens inside the eyes. An irregular shape of the cornea or lens prevents light from focusing properly on the retina, the light-sensitive surface at the back of the eyes. As a result, vision becomes blurred at any distance.

This condition frequently occurs with other vision condition such as myopia and hyperopia. Together these vision conditions are referred to as refractive errors because they affect how the eye bends or refracts light.

Etiology: the specific cause is unknown. It can be hereditary and usually present from birth. It can change as child grows and may decrease or worse over time.

The cornea and lens are primarily responsible for properly focusing light entering in the eyes, allowing see clearly. Astigmatism occurs due to the irregular shape of the cornea or lens inside the eye.

It is a very common condition. Most people have some degree; slight amounts of astigmatism usually don’t affect vision and don’t require treatment. However, large amounts cause distorted or blurred vision, eye discomfort and headache s.

Diagnostic: astigmatism can be diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination by a doctor of optometry. Testing for astigmatism measures how the eyes focus light and determines the power of optical lenses needed to compensate for the reduced vision.

Treatment: there are a several options available to regain clear vision include

ü Eyeglasses

ü Contact lenses

ü Orthokeratology

ü Refractive surgery procedures

Sunday, May 26, 2013

PRESBYOPIA


Presbyopia is a normal vision condition in which the crystalline lens of the eyes loses its flexibility. This results in progressive difficulty in focusing on close objects.

The focus lens inside the eyes, crystalline lens, will start to change with normal aging, this change causes the lens to harden and lose some of its elasticity and therefore some focusing ability.

The development of this condition varies from person to person. Although presbyopia may seem to occur suddenly, the actual decline takes place over the course of many years. It usually becomes apparent to people in their early to mid-forties.

Signs and symptoms include the tendency to move reading material away from you to make it clearer. Also holds reading material at arm’s length, blurred vision at normal reading distance, and eye fatigue along with headache when attempting to do close work are all signs of presbyopia.

Unfortunately presbyopia cannot be prevented; it is, as mentioned before, a natural part of aging process, the signs can start at varying ages, the eventual change in the crystalline lens is unavoidable.

Presbyopia is diagnosed with a comprehensive eye examination by a doctor of optometry will include testing near vision; this will determine the extent, if any, of presbyopia.

As presbyopia can complicate other common condition such as nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism, the doctor will perform other test to determine the specific lenses that will allow you to see clearly and comfortably for your daily visual needs.

Treatment: Doctor of optometric prescribes lenses for near work that include reading glasses, bifocals, trifocals, progressive addition lenses or contact lenses.


Presbyopia and losing the flexibility and elasticity of the crystalline lens progress for some time. These changes will affect the ability of the eyes to focus property. As a result, periodic changes in your eyeglasses or contact lenses are necessary to maintain good vision.

After adjusting to your new eyewear, you should find that you can still do all the things you did before. Presbyopia will probably not have a significant effect on your lifestyle at all. You should, however, continue to make sure your eyes are staying healthy, as recommended by your doctor.

Thursday, May 23, 2013

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH COMPARING MARKETING TOOLS BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND INTERNET FAIRS (VI-final)


Chapter VI: Strategies, Plans, and Actions

The fair is a fundamental tool in industrial enterprises marketing strategies, since one of its strong points is adapted to the specificities of the markets business to business. Due to the technical complexity of products subject to exchange, demonstration on site of the possibilities that offer industrial products becomes a key value of exhibitions against other commercial tools. The high interdependence between suppliers and industrial customers can be enhanced by the social nature of events, thus facilitating the establishment of business in a more relaxed atmosphere. The complexity of the industrial purchasing process has much to do with the high number of individuals with influence or decision in the same capacity. The fair allows, at a reasonable cost, establish contact with many of these people. However, today many companies regard attendance at a fair as a punctual Act, which must be tackled, not infrequently, as a lesser evil. This lack of planning leaves betray a lack of confidence in the potential of the fair as a business tool, giving the paradox that complain about companies that do not establish goals for events in which are involved or not defined systems of follow-up of contacts generated in the contest, then, that the investment in trade fairs is not profitable.

Optimizing the presence in the contests implies to consider this tool, from a point of view strategic, which implies, align the objectives fair with business objectives, establishing measurement systems of trade fair participation. This allow not only to justify the investment fair, but above all improve the future exhibition action, deal comprehensively with all and each of the decisions taken by the Exhibitor before, during, and after the fair, taking into account at all times the aims pursued. Considering the fair, as a multidisciplinary tool that allows we to take advantage of the synergistic effect of various tools of marketing available to industrial enterprise to comply with the objectives of fair and which requires a comprehensive planning process.

In this sense, the precepts applied to the Integrated Marketing communications are perfectly valid for exhibition planning. Under the name as an extension of integrated marketing communications and communications integrated exhibition, precepts that have to be taken into account when developing the exhibition program can be defined: consider the fair as a two-way communication process, so important is the communication initiated by the company as to which part of the visitor. We have to be aware of the importance of managing each contact maintained with public order to the Exhibitor, whether before, during or after the exhibition. The fair can become an ideal tool to keep members of the exhibiting company, from managers to the staff of direct labor, direct contact with the market players, such as customers, press, distributors, and transporters, among others.

The possibility offered by the fair to develop custom actions requires a thorough understanding of the target audience. The Exhibitor should exploit the information available on the recipients of the fair campaign and, at the same time, demand fair entities data environment to the visitors of the event as well as other quantities of interest. The fair schedule does not finish with the fair. The follow-up of contacts enables us to leverage efforts, while the evaluation of the trade fair activity will help the exhibitor to improve future decisions. Develop a fair plan in writing that serve to ensure that staff know what is intended and can be tracked. In short, the fair is a tool with a great potential but that requires a process of rigorous and systematic planning with clear and defined objectives from the company's global marketing strategy. The application of the concept of integrated communications exhibition aims to ensure Exhibitor optimization efforts, maximizing the value of various Marketing tools can contribute to the fair calendar.

The need of training to personnel that can implement the new tactics of marketing for small and medium-sized enterprises of Tampa Bay continues to increase. The possibility of adaptation of enterprises to the new marketing strategies through the Internet specifically the virtual fairs, is accentuated. With these tactics the entrepreneurs can, at a low cost show their products and/or services in other markets and which can at the same time, acquire raw materials, finished products and/or technologies, coming from other markets.
 
By:
Jose Ramon Sanchez
Author Note
Jose Ramon Sanchez was born in Caracas, Venezuela, with over thirty years of experience in the business world, mainly in the fields of Graphic Arts and the Agroindustry. He is a University professional visionary, inspiring, competent and consistent with his ideals. Highlight in him a leadership capacity, and a solid knowledge of his profession. His Bachelor's degree is in Business Administration, specialty marketing (BBA, Major: Marketing). He has extensive experience in Project Management and in the understanding of the business issues.



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Electronic Addresses Regarding to Fairs and Events

www.aeo.org Asociación de Organizadores de Ferias

www.afe.es Asociación Española de Ferias

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www.auma.de Asociación alemana del Sector de Ferias y Exposiciones

www.ceir.org Center for Exhibitors Industry Research

www.eventoplus.com Sitio con ideas, consejos, herramientas, proveedores y noticias

www.exhibitsurveys.com Consultoría especializada en estudios sobre el sector ferial

www.iaem.org Asociación Internacional de Gestión de Eventos

www.tradeshowresearch.com Estudios e investigaciones referidos al sector ferial

www.ufinet.org Unión de Ferias Internacionales




Appendix A: Solicitation and Electronic Questionnaire

 Interview among Small and Medium Size Enterprises in the Tampa Bay Area

SOLICITATION:
 
   Hello!
 
             My name is José Ramón Sánchez and I am conducting an interview among small and medium size enterprises in the Tampa Bay area as part of my Master’s Degree research project at the Universidad Metropolitana, part of the Ana G. Méndez University System, Tampa Bay campus. This qualitative research has as objective, to explore the attitudes and perceptions about trade shows among small and medium-size business owners. The results of this study will be used specifically for academic purposes. You can ask for these research results by contacting jsanchez67@email.suagm.edu this is a multiple-choice exploratory questionnaire of 17 questions. Please, answer each question sincerely. You can withdraw from this research at any time without any penalties or harm to your persona.
 
#
Question
Type of Question& Measurement
Measurement Units
1
Define in your own words and experience what is a trade show
Open
N/A
2
Have you ever participated in a trade fair event?
Binomial
Yes/No
3
If you answer YES to question #2, choose from the following reasons why:
 
Multiple Selection
It is a good place to make business contacts
It is ideal for professional networking
It is where we can go to hear the latest commercial trends
It allows us to update the goods of our company
Other (please specify)
4
Have you participated in a trade fair event during the last two years?
Binomial
Yes/No
5
If you answered NO to question #3, choose from the following reasons why:
 
Multiple Selection
It is a waste of time
I do not consider it beneficial to my business
It is expensive to attend
Not aligned with my line of business
I do not have the personnel to leave my place of operations for several days
Other (please specify)
6
Do you know about the existence of Internet Trade Fairs?
Binomial
Yes/No
7
Do you think virtual fairs could help your business develop?
Binomial
Yes/No
8
Have you ever participated in a virtual trade fair?
Binomial
Yes/No
9
If you answered yes, to question 7, which have been your experience in that (those) event(s)
Binomial
Yes/No
10
If you answered NOT to question seven, choose from the following potential reasons why you have not participated so far
 
Multiple Selection
The technology is not for me
I do not have personnel to handle the technical aspect
I would rather prefer to have personal contact with people
I do not have enough information on the subject
Other (please specify)
11
Do you think that virtual fairs could outgrow the popularity of traditional fairs?
Binomial
Yes/No
12
If you answered yes to question 11, why do you think virtual trade fairs will outgrow the traditional ones?
 
Binomial
Yes/No
13
If you answered NOT, choose from the following options the reason why:
 
Multiple Selection
Computers would never substitute personal contacts
There is no control over potential attendance
Does not provide a good way to follow up with consumers
Other (please specify)
14
How your company uses the Internet? (You could choose more than one)
Multiple Selection
Administrative purposes
Buying/Sealing
Researching
Communicating with potential clients
Communicating with existing clients
Promoting your company
Social networking activities
Other (please specify)
15
In what sector of the industry your business you operate. (e.g., education, health care, design)
 
Yes/No
16
What is your sales average in a year?
 
 
Less than $20,000
Between $20,001 to $40,000
Between $40,001 to $60,000
Between $60,001 to $80,000
$101,000 or more
 
17
How long are you in your current business?
 
Less than 5 years
Among 5 to 10 years
Among 10 to 15 years
More than 15 years
 

 

Appendix B: Question 1 Interview Transcripts

Answer # 1
Define in your own words and experience what is a trade show:
Responder # 1
A special activity where people go to look for new technologies and organizations participate to expose their new products or services
Responder # 2
A place in which I can make business contacts and learn about industry trends
Responder # 3
My experience have been very interested because this is the good place to make business and meet any persons
Responder # 4
I have been participated in many trade show along my life and I have had good experience because is a good place for meet any business contact
Responder # 5
It is an exhibition organized by groups of companies on a particular topic in order to display their products or services.
Responder # 6
A trade show is an exhibition organized where companies in a specific industry can showcase and demonstrate their latest products, services, study activities, projects, and examine recent market trends and opportunities. I think is good opportunity to meet people or professionals in you are of expertise and create business relationship or alliance.
Responder # 7
No familiar with it
Responder # 8
It is a show where expositors share their information to customers

 


 

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH COMPARING MARKETING TOOLS BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND INTERNET FAIRS (V)


 Chapter V: Research Results

Answering the Questions

1.      Is Internet marketing the best tool for communicating the commercial offer of a company?

The sixth question of the questionnaire  reported that 62.50% of the respondents argument that they do not know about the existence of Internet Trade Fairs.

2.      Are trade fairs an effective instrument to communicate the commercial offer of a company?

The general opinion for responding this question is justified in the answer to the seventh question of the survey. Do you think virtual fairs could help your business develop? The 100% of the business people surveyed answered yes.

3.      Has been decreased the power of the trade fairs to establish new relationships, with regard to the new electronic technologies?

For answering this question, the eleventh question of the survey showed that virtual fairs would not outgrow the popularity of traditional fairs with the 87.50% of the participants reporting no. On the other hand, we found with the answer to question 13 of the survey, that the 100% of the surveyed business people responded that computers would never substitute personal contacts, the 42.86% reported that there is no control over potential attendance, and the 14.29% answered that it does not provide a good way to follow up the consumers.

4.      Are Internet and trade fairs -two complementary tools or conversely e marketing is a serious threat to traditional trade fairs?

The question it is clarified with the answer to the question 14 of the survey, how your company uses the Internet? The 100% communicating with potential clients, 100% communicating with existing clients, the 85.71% uses their computer for promoting their company, the 71.43% uses the company computer for social networking activities, and in the last option of this question, on the comment field, other surveyed answered in business the Interned is a major factor of production.

 

                                                                                               

                                                                                                 

Wednesday, May 22, 2013

GRAMMAR PRACTICE (II)

Pronouns

A pronouns is a word that take a place of a noun, a group of words acting as a noun, or another pronoun. The word or group of words that a pronoun refers to is called its antecedent.

A personal pronoun refers to a specific person or thing.

A reflexive pronoun refers to a noun or another pronoun and indicates that the same person or thing is involved.

A possessive pronoun takes the place of a possessive form of noun.

A demonstrative pronoun points out specific persons, places, things, or ideas.

An interrogative pronoun is used to form questions.

A relative pronoun is used to being a special subject-verb word group called a subordinate clause.

An indefinite pronoun refers to people, places, or things in a general way.







 

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH COMPARING MARKETING TOOLS BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND INTERNET FAIRS (IV)


Chapter IV: Data Analysis

To process this research, a questionnaire was elaborated to sound out the opinion of the small and medium traders in Hillsborough County Tampa Bay area, why they do not implement new trends in marketing and why not get benefit from the benefits that globalization allows. The questionnaire was created through the site of Surrey Monkey; participants received a series of seventeen questions ranging from multiple choices to the ranking in order of preference.

The researcher sent an invitation with a link questionnaire, which remained open four days at the Survey Monkey website with additional publications on the pages of Linked in, Facebook, Twitter, and emails sent to executives and owners of companies based in the above area, supported by Microsoft Outlook. The information obtained, although the size of the sample has been obtained from only eight answerers, yielded interesting data that allow recommending strategies for increasing ways that can help to those tradespersons. Once the investigator closed the questionnaire, the Survey Monkey software analyzed the raw data, establishing proportions, rations, and percentages. The researcher created tables and graphs to demonstrate the results of the research. According to the survey, the majority of the interviewed participants participated actively, completing all the survey questions.

The first question, an open question, showed eight different options to describe in their own words, what is a trade fair. Responses collected in this question included (see Appendix B):

  1. “A special activity where people go to look for new technologies and organizations participate to expose their new products or services.”
  2. “A place in which I can make business contacts and learn about industry trends.”
  3. “My experience has been very interested because this is the good place to make business and meet any persons. “
  4. “I have been participated in many trade show along my life and I have had good experience because is a good place for meet any business contact.”  
  5. “It is an exhibition organized by groups of companies on a particular topic in order to display their products or services.”
  6. “A trade show is an exhibition organized where companies in a specific industry can showcase and demonstrate their latest products, services, study activities, projects, and examine recent market trends and opportunities. I think is good opportunity to meet people or professionals in you are of expertise and create business relationship or alliance.”
  7. “No familiar with it.”
  8. “It is a show where expositors share their information to customers.

            The second question, “Have you ever participated in a trade fair event?” was a binomial question, which resulted in 87.5% of the surveyed responding yes, and the 12.5% reporting a negative answer (see Figure 1).


Figure 1: Question One Responses


The third question surveyed the opinion of the people who responded yes to the second question, which reported that a 100% of the participants considered that fairs are a good place to make business contacts. This ancillary question (i.e., question number three), reported that the 85.71% considered fairs as ideal for professional networking (see Figure 2). The 85.71% told that fairs it is where we can go to hear the latest commercial trends and the 71.43% answered that fairs it allows us to update the goods of their company.

Figure 2: Question Three Answers

Answer # 3
If you responded yes to the second question
85.71%
Fairs it is ideal for professional networking.
85.71%
Told that fairs it is where we can go to hear the latest commercial trends
71.43%
Answered that fairs it allows us to update the goods of our company

 

The fourth question asked if surveyed business owners had participated in a trade fair event during the last two years. This question was a binomial alternative answers, with responses of 50% responding yes, and the other 50% answering no (see Figure 3).

Figure 3: Question Four Answers


 

The fifth question of the survey was an ancillary question to identify the reasons for which people answered no. In this question, only two answers surface, which were (a) “I do not consider it beneficial to my business”, (50%), (b) and the other 50% told it is expensive to attend (see Figure 4).


Figure 4: Question Five Answers


The sixth question was “Do you know about the existence of Internet Trade Fairs” This was another binomial choice question with only one answering yes (the 37.50%), and the 62.50% responded no (see Figure 5).

Figure 5: Questions Six Answers

For the seventh question, other binomial choice question, the 100% answered yes to the question, “Do you think virtual fairs could help your business develop?  (See Figure 6).

Figure 6: Question Seven Answers


For the eighth question, have you ever participated in a virtual trade fair? Other binominal choice question, the 100% of the surveyed answered no (see Figure 7).

Figure 7: Question Eight Answers


 

 

 

The 100% of the business executives answered N/A (no) to the ninth question (see Figure 8), if you answered yes to question 7, which was about their past experiences in that (those) event(s).

Figure 8: Question Nine Answers


The survey tenth question was an ancillary question for those who answered NO to question seven. They would have to choose from the following potential reasons why you have not participated so far. The 14.29% answered, ”the technology is not for me”, the 42.86% answered, “I would rather prefer to have personal contact with people,” and the 42.86% responded, “I do not have enough information on the subject.”

(See Figure 9).


Figure 9: Question 10 Answers


The next question, the eleventh one, another binomial choice question, “Do you think that virtual fairs could outgrow the popularity of traditional fairs?” The 12.50% answered yes, and the 87.50% answered no (see Figure 10).

Figure 10: Question 11 Answers


 

To the twelfth question, if you answered yes to question 11, why do you think virtual trade fair will outgrow the traditional ones, the 100% answered that cost and convenience were the most important attributes (see Figure 11)

Figure 11: Question 12 Answers


On the other hand, for the thirteen questions, if you answered NO chooses from the following options the reason why, surveyed business people responded as follows: Computers would never substitute personal contacts, the 42.86% opined, there is no control over potential attendance, and the 14.29% answered does not provide a good way to follow up with consumers (see Figure 12).


Figure 12: Question 13 Answers

Answer # 13
If you answered NO chooses from the following options the reason why
100%
Computers would never substitute personal contacts
42.86%
There is no control over potential attendance
14.29%
Does not provide a good way to follow up with consumers

 

The fourteenth question of the survey, how your company uses the Internet? This was a multiple choice question with the possibility of choosing more than one answer, the 100% answered for administrative purposes, the 71.43% answered Buying/Sealing, the 100% told researching, the 100% communicating with potential clients, 100% communicating with existing clients, the 85.71% uses their computer for promoting their company, the 71.43% uses the company computer for social networking activities. In the last option of this question, on the comment field, other surveyed answered in business the Interned is a major factor of production. (See Figure 13).


Figure 13: Question 14 Answers

Answer # 14
How your company uses the Internet?
100%
Administrative purposes
71.43%
Buying/Sealing
100%
Researching
100%
Communicating with potential clients
100%
Communicating with existing clients
71.43%
Social networking activities
85.71%
Promoting their company
Others
In business, the Interned is a major factor of production.

 

The fifteenth question, in what sector of the industry your business operates. E.g. education, health care, design? there were several answers,.
Responses recorded were education, marketing, business management, business/marketing consulting.  Other fields were education, art, art gallery, use the computer for design, health care, and upholstery.  Three respondents reported to work in industries related to marketing, business management, and business/marketing consulting.


Figure 14: Questions 15 Answers

Answer # 15
What sector of the industry your business operates
Answerer # 1
education
Answerer # 2
marketing
Answerer # 3
business management
Answerer # 4
business/marketing consulting
Answerer # 5
art gallery
Answerer # 6
design
Answerer # 7
health care
Answerer # 8
upholstery

 

The next questions, what is your sales average in a year? It is the sixteenth question of the survey, and reported companies’ sales average. The participants reported that  14.29% was in the category of $20,000, a 14.29% of those organizations have a sales average between $20,001 and $40,000, other 14.29% are billing between $40,001 to $60,000, 14.29% between $60,001 and $80,000, and 28.57%. Others reported income between $60,001 to $100,000, and $101,000 or more 14.29%. It is interesting that the survey showed that companies with sales average among $60,001 to $80,000 recorded 0% (see Figure 16).


Figure 15: Question 16 Answers


The last question of the survey, the seventeenth question, how long are you in your current business, showed 57.14% as less than five  years, the 14.29% between 10 to 15 years, the 28.57% between five to 10 years, and the companies with more than 15 years reported  0%


Figure 16: Question 17 Answers


 

 

 

 

 


 Chapter V: Research Results

Answering the Questions

1.      Is Internet marketing the best tool for communicating the commercial offer of a company?

The sixth question of the questionnaire  reported that 62.50% of the respondents argument that they do not know about the existence of Internet Trade Fairs.

2.      Are trade fairs an effective instrument to communicate the commercial offer of a company?

The general opinion for responding this question is justified in the answer to the seventh question of the survey. Do you think virtual fairs could help your business develop? The 100% of the business people surveyed answered yes.

3.      Has been decreased the power of the trade fairs to establish new relationships, with regard to the new electronic technologies?

For answering this question, the eleventh question of the survey showed that virtual fairs would not outgrow the popularity of traditional fairs with the 87.50% of the participants reporting no. On the other hand, we found with the answer to question 13 of the survey, that the 100% of the surveyed business people responded that computers would never substitute personal contacts, the 42.86% reported that there is no control over potential attendance, and the 14.29% answered that it does not provide a good way to follow up the consumers.

4.      Are Internet and trade fairs -two complementary tools or conversely e marketing is a serious threat to traditional trade fairs?

The question it is clarified with the answer to the question 14 of the survey, how your company uses the Internet? The 100% communicating with potential clients, 100% communicating with existing clients, the 85.71% uses their computer for promoting their company, the 71.43% uses the company computer for social networking activities, and in the last option of this question, on the comment field, other surveyed answered in business the Interned is a major factor of production.